Arduino series
What is an Arduino?
Introduction :
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the board
you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package.
This is an Arduino Uno
The Uno is one of the more popular boards in the Arduino family and a great choice for beginners.
This is a screenshot of the Arduino IDE
Believe it or not, those 10 lines of code are all you need to blink the onboard LED on your Arduino. The code might not make perfect sense right now, but, after reading this tutorial and the many more Arduino tutorials waiting for you on our site, we'll get you up to speed in no time.
What's on the board? :
There are many varieties of Arduino boards that can be used for different purposes. Some boards look a bit different from the one below, but most Arduinos have the majority of these components in common
Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)
● 5V & 3.3V As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the 3.3V pin supplies 3.3 volts of power. Most of the simple components used with the Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts
● Digital Across from the analog pins is the digital pins (0 through 13 on the UNO). These pins can be used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed) and digital output (like powering an LED)
● Analog The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the UNO) are Analog In pins. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor and convert it into a digital value that we can read
● PWM You may have noticed this symbol (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 on the UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used for something called Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). these pins as being able to simulate analog output (like fading an LED in and out)
● AREF Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can leave this pin alone. It is sometimes used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins
● Power (USB / Barrel Jack)
Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO can be powered from a USB cable coming from your computer or a wall power supply that is terminated in a barrel jack. In the picture above the USB connection and the barrel, the jack is labeled
The USB connection is also how you will load code onto your Arduino board
● The ATmega328 is a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel in the megaAVR family It has a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC processor core
Arduino Uno R3 Specifications
● It is an ATmega328P based Microcontroller
● the Operating Voltage of the Arduino is 5V
● The recommended input voltage ranges from 7V to 12V
● The i/p voltage (limit) is 6V to 20V
● Digital input and output pins-14
● Digital input & output pins (PWM)-6
● Analog i/p pins are 6
● DC Current for each I/O Pin is 20 mA
● DC Current used for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
● Flash Memory -32 KB and 0.5 KB memory is used by the boot loader
● SRAM is 2 KB
● EEPROM is 1 KB
● The speed of the CLK is 16 MHz
● In-Built LED pin 13
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